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What is a Scalawag?

Wiggins, Sarah Woolfolk. "No Centennial for Reconstruction." Alabama News Magazine 42 (January l976): 27-28.

Summary of myths and stereotypes about Reconstruction and correction of these stereotypes based on recent scholarship. Comments on how much worse Reconstruction could have been.

__________. "What Is a Scalawag?" Alabama Review 25 (January l972): 56-61.

Definition and nineteenth-century use of the term "scalawag." Examples from contemporary publications reflect how native white Republicans were scorned.

__________. The Scalawag in Alabama Politics, 1865-1881. 1977. reprint, Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 1991.

A thorough study of Alabama scalawags.

Woolfolk, Sarah Van V. "The Political Cartoons of the Tuskaloosa Independent Monitor and Tuskaloosa Blade, l867-l873." Alabama Historical Quarterly 27 (Fall & Winter 1965): l40-166.

Reproduces and discusses cartoons of Republicans in Tuscaloosa Democratic newspapers. Cartoons reflect venomous anti-Republican feeling.

__________. "Five Men Called Scalawags." Alabama Review 17 (January l964): 45-55.

Five scalawags who do not fit negative stereotype. Possessed education (especially in law), wealth, and prewar political experience.