| Bibliography | Time Line I | Time Line II | Montgomery | Mobile | Wilson's Raid | Josiah Gorgas | Jefferson Davis | Emma Sansom | Name Game | Primary Source I | Primary Source II

The first capital of the Confederate States of America was Montgomery, which served as the capital from February 4 to May 21, 1861.

"The Stars and Bars," First National Confederate flag designed by Nicola Marschall, a Judson College professor. [This is not the better-known Confederate Battle Flag.]

Soldiers:

• Between 90,000 and 100,000 white men from Alabama served in the CSA army.
   
  
• About 2,700 white men, mostly from the north Alabama hill country, fought for the Union army.
   
  
• At least 5,000 (and perhaps as many as 10,000) blacks, primarily from Tennessee Valley plantations, enlisted in the Union army at times when federal forces were occupying north Alabama.

Military Leaders:

• Gen. John H. Forney of Jacksonville, who was teaching at West Point in 1860, fought at First Manassas, and was captured at Vicksburg.
   
  
• Gen. William Henry Forney of Jacksonville (brother of John) was captured at Gettysburg, released, fought again, and surrendered at Appomattox.
   
  
• Gen. Henry D. Clayton of Eufaula and Opelika was involved with Gen. Bragg's army in Tennessee and Kentucky.
   
  
• Gen. Joe Wheeler (born in Georgia and usually credited to that state, but lived in north Alabama). Fearless cavalry leader.

Heroes and Heroines:

• John Pelham—fought with J. E. B. Stuart and Stonewall Jackson, artillery expert. Gen. Robert E. Lee referred to him as "the gallant Pelham." Was killed at age 24 at the battle of Kelly's Ford.
   
  
• Emma Sansom—showed Confederate Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest a crossing at Black Creek on the road between Blountsville and Gadsden as Forrest chased a federal cavalry led by Col. A. D. Streight.
   
  
• Adm. Raphael Semmes—a Confederate naval hero who sailed the CSS Alabama all over the world attacking U.S. merchant ships.

Supplies, cannons, ammunition: Gen. Josiah Gorgas of Pennsylvania (but married to Amelia Gayle, the daughter of Alabama Governor John Gayle) supported the South and became chief of ordnance for the Confederacy. Purchased some arms and munitions in Europe. Manufactured others at Selma. At the end of the war 10,000 people were employed in war industries at Selma. These industries were supplied by iron from north Alabama iron furnaces.

Food: Alabama supplied corn and pork to the soldiers. By the end of the war food was scarce in Alabama and many people in the hill country were starving.

First submarine built in Mobile: The first two submarines sank; the third one was named the Hunley. Mobile Bay was too shallow for it to be used. It was taken to Charleston Harbor and on Feb. 17, 1864, the Hunley sank a warship, but never returned to port and was presumed to have sunk itself returning to shore.